Saturday, October 31, 2009

Do doctors always make 6 figures a year? Or does it depend on where they practice?

What do they make starting out?
Answer:
i am a family docotor in the USA, look at the questions i asked and you should get the idea
i work 72 hours in a weeks and the next week i have off, so i besically work 6 months. i work at a hospital, with 10-12 hours shifts. but i enjoy my job because i work 6 months and still make $150,000..
i might work a full time job in the future during the week off and hopefully boost my salary to $170,000-180,000

it all depends on luck in how much you make and your locations, but the hospital is near the city so more business
any other questions e-mail, since this week i am off, lots of time off
It depends on specialty. The doctors making the most have to pay out the most in malpractice premiums. Specialists exceed family practicioners and some specialties of high risk such as neurosurgery and plastic surgery top the income list.
It depends on how much they work, where they work, what specialty they practice, the type of practice situation they are in, and the insurances that their patients have (or don't have).
Too many variables to give you even a ballpark figure.
Generally they make 6 figure incomes, but some make much more. It really depends upon the specialty, skill and the location. Here's a site that will help:
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos074.htm#earni...

Do crash test dummies contain bodies of the recently deceased?

i read this somewhere and thought is it true
Answer:
Not in the UK,ther is a firm that builds them for research with various types from simple foam dummies to fully articulated types with costs for the more complex types going up to 拢10,000 each.If real bodies are used it would be in either Chine ,Russia or similar countries...
Ha ha ! that would be cool. But no I am afraid it is not true.
your talking about a "cadaver"(dead body donated for research) they use to use them in the 60`s,,,,they then moved on to live pigs as they have similar organs to humans
They use dead bodies for testing in the Netherlands. They're probably not the recently deceased though.
It is the absolute truth believe in the dummy, dummy.
ha - dont think so, but that would be mental
No not yet but they are going to use Illegal immigrants with any luck
Not normally (although there is some of that testing going on, mainly with the military.) Most "dummies" are just lumps that resemble humans with sensors built into them. They have the same mass (weight, and weight distribution) so they can easily duplicate the stress a human would go thru in a crash...
Ron.
No.
Don't be stupid. It would smell bad.
yes cadavers ( dead bodies ) have been used in crash-tests.
cringe cringe, they have also used babies %26 children when testing new child seats/restraints.
not something i really want to think about, but how else can they improve safety unless it's properly tested with a human body, behaving exactly like a human body would behave in a crash.
I really doubt it.
Human bodies are quite expensive compared to plastic materials with the same density as human flesh. Besides, why cover the face with a mask since it would deflect the impact? After all, these mannicans are used to calculate the amount of damage a human body experiences during an impact, and the head is the most important part. Finally, things could get quite messy since human bodies break apart into essentially a bunch of pieces of guts and raw meat. Polyurethane foam is much easier to sweep up, not to mention far more sanitary.
However, there is a place called the "body farm" which is used as a forensics lab. Human bodies are allowed to rot naturally in the woods to determine patterns of decay. This helps detectives determine the time of death and even the way a murder was commited.
They used to use dead bodies - not inside the dummies, just dead bodies. But they stopped because they found the damage to a dead corpse isn't the same as to a live body - same reason they don't use real corpses to test weapons any more, they use a block of special jelly. But crash test dummies have always been dummies made for the purpose
No they don't...they contain some pretty sophisticated measurement devices though. That is so they can determine speed, g-forces, and impact data.
no they dont, they just have limbs roughly around the flexibility stamina and bodys that would be as tough as ours to see the impact.
NO - I have no evidence to support your conjecture.
And it does sound ridiculous

Do any of you know any medical study clinic?

I live in Southern California and I am desperate need of money, fast! My only option is to donate my sperm of some medical research study. Do any of you know where I can find more information about this topic or a fast solution?
Answer:
You can just go to any hospital. Most hospitals have some kind of posting for a research study going on. or you can walk around a college campus. most of the common ones deal with smokers and AIDS carriers. so if you fall into either group you are more assured to get a posting. or you can go to the quest diagnostics website to find out. or you can also go to google and type in Ulcerative colitis, Hepatitis, Irritable Bowel Syndrome etc. or to some pharmaceutical website and they should have a listing of their available studies.
Sperm study? How valuable is your sperm that you could live on the monies?
Medical test groups don't pay much...if they do it is usually only minimal.

Do all doctors have to have clinic duty?

I know not all of them do, but in large hospitals are doctors required to have clinic duty along with their other patients?
Answer:
K.K.,
The first answer is partly correct. Let's say that you get a job as an oncologist (cancer) at a large hospital. Clinic duty is a little like overtime, expect somewhat like, under time! If you work 90 hours a week, on just oncology, but you are swarmed with cases and you work about 130 a week, your clinic hours will be excused. However, if you aren't doing anything else, you will be given more clinic hours.
Clinic hours are hated by most doctors. Some even make trades to aviod doing them!
Talk soon,
Rob
I think all new doctors in the US have to go through a period of "residency" at a hospital before they can practice privately.
All doctors have clinic duty. The few execptions that I can think of are hospitalists, pathologists, and radiologists.
All surgical doctors have clinic. Where do you think patients come from in order to do surgery? You have to see them in clinic. So clinic is where surgeons see consults from other doctors who referred them to the surgeon. In addition, surgeons need to see their patients in follow-up, which is during clinic hours.
Surgeons typically have 1-2 days of clinic per week and operate the remaining time.
In some large hospitals, surgeons rotate attending duty.

DMSO for arthritis pain?

I remember gramma using this as a roll on, for her knees. Does it work, and is it still available..side effects?
I have arthritis and am looking for a non narcotic way to get relief.
Answer:
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a solvent that penetrates the skin into the tissue beneath. As such, if you dissolve a pain reliever such as aspirin or tylenol, it should work as a local analgesic, and may people used to do this.
The reason people don't use it much now is because of health concerns--there is some reason to believe that repeated exposure to DMSO may be teratogenic (cause tumors and cancer).
More speculatively, there is a theory that bizarre cases of "toxic patients" was caused by excessive use of DMSO--cases where staff and other patients in emergency rooms were struck down with nausea, respiratory distress and neurologic symptoms. It is remotely possible that these cases were due to excessive metabolic byproducts of DMSO.
In general, as with all organic solvents, repeated exposure is not recommended and it is not a good way to get tylenol or salicylates into your body. It is, in general, much safer to just take tylenol or aspirin, and you will get just as much to the painful area as any kind of topical treatment.
Addendum--the next poster is correct--horse liniment DOES work. The active ingredient is the same used in the "IcyHot" rubs, but horse liniment is much cheaper per volume :)
I do not know what DMSO is, but I have arthritis and have found that, no joke, Veterinary Linamint works.
I prefer the mint gel kind over the white lotion type.
I have found it in the Horse section of Ace Hardware.
Follow the directions, use sparingly at first, to see how you tolerate it. (Remember, this is for animals).
DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) Was used in the 60's or so to treat pain due to different issues one included arthritis. There are very few side effects. But go to this web site and read. There is really good information on here. We get our med-grade dmso from the vets office for our dogs when they have pulled muscles and stuff. Its a miracle worker.
http://ww2.arthritis.org/resources/arthr...

Discuss physiological changes associated with fever:?

This was an objective but I can not find it anywhere in my nursing book (RN)...can you help me please
Answer:
Increased heart rate,respiratory rate,decreased sweating,feeling cold,shivering,loss of appetite,constipation,headache... urine output ,rash and lassitude.

Disagreement in Medical Lab Class?

We are having a disagreement in my medical lab class. Which of the following is an example of administering a medication? Giving a patient an IM injection or The doctor giving the patient samples of medication to take at home. Please only serious answers. It is in our book but instructor doesn't take it the same way we do. We say it is the injection but he says that is an injection not administering. He says the samples is because the patient is being given medication. Which of us is right? Please help.
Answer:
Your instructor has a screw loose.
administering means to distribute. sorry but your teacher is right (my teachers weren't so lucky, so i sympathize with you)
You are right. This is from Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary:
Main Entry: ad路min路is路ter
Pronunciation: schwad-primarystressmin-schwa-...
Function: transitive verb
Inflected Form(s): ad路min路is路tered; ad路min路ister路ing /-st(schwa-)rieng/
: to give (as medicine) remedially %26lt;the antibiotic may be administered orally or by injection%26gt;
My dictionary says to administer is to apply or to perform. To me, this implies a physical action on the part of the doctor. The doctor must inject or stand there while the patient takes it.
I am under the care of a cardiologist who helps me as much as he can by giving me a year's supply of free samples of Diovan valsartan, for which I am grateful. He does not stand over me every morning, "administering" the medication to me.
In fact, I am taking two more drugs, furosemide and spironolactone. The doctor has prescribed 60 tablets per month, two per day. In is written instructions to me, he has told me to take spironolactone one per day; and furosemide, staggered, at the rate of 10 per week. He just wants me to have an adequate supply.
So: Who is administering how much to whom?

Digital thermometer is showing 118 degrees F,when temp is taken.But I don't have fever.?


Answer:
The human body dies at 108 degrees F and dies at 36-32 degrees F so i'd say your thermometer is dead! HAHA
You'd be dead if you had a 118 degree fever. Your thermometer is broken.
Um its broken, since you would be dead at that temp. Unless you are using it for checking the temp of something your cooking!
bcoz temp is in F,convert it in degree centigrate
Definitely broken...try another thermometer.
change ur thermometer %26 everything would be fine.
I think your thermometer is broken. Go see your doctor. They'll help you,for sure.

Differentiate between the three group of drugs: antipsychotics,anxiolytic andantidepressants?


Answer:
read a pharmacology book
Do your own homework!
Antipsychotics treat psychoses e.g. schizophrenia, anxiolytics are for anxiety disorders and antidepressants treat depression.

Difference between Diclofenac and Diclofenac Potassium?

My doctor has given me both medications (at seperate times) for my rheumatoid arthritis, but I want to know the difference between Diclofenac and Diclofenac Potassium.
Thanks
Answer:
When a doctor states "diclofenac" on a prescription (s)he is generally refering to diclofenac sodium. Diclofenac potassium is the same drug but it is prepared as a different salt. Diclofenac potassium generally considered to be faster acting than the sodium salt as it goes into solution faster so it gets to it's site of action faster.
The two names refer to the same drug. Diclofenac is available either as the sodium or the potassium salt, never on its own. If your doctor wrote "Diclofenac" on the prescription, the pharmacist understands that he is referring to either the sodium or the potassium salt. Whichever is available in your country.

Difference between Antagonist and Inverse Agonist?

Hi everyone,
I would like to know the difference between an Antagonist and an Inverse Agonist. I heard that H2 receptor antagonist is actually an inverse agonist.
So what exactly is an inverse agonist and how is it different from an antagonist? Thanks.
Answer:
This has to do with the distict mechanisms of receptor activity, whether the 2 State Model of activation or the Constitutive model of activation is in place.
The receptor can be thought of as existing in an equilibrium between an inactive and an active form. Agonist bind and make the active conformation much more likely. Inverse agonists probably bind to and stabilize the inactive form, which pushes the equilibrium away from the spontaneous formation of the active conformation of the receptor.
More research needs to be done for a class or classes of receptor to be definitively assigned the Inverse label. It is possible that the only known one is the benzodiazepine receptor, information that may be dated because of the lack of research and categorization.

Difference b/t Metaboloic & Respiratoray Alakosis & Acidosis?

I just graduated nursing school and am scheduled to take my nclex next wed the 15th. i have been practicing and studying thousands of questions the past couple weeks. i have noticed a lot of questions relating to metabolic acidosis and alkalosis and respiratory acidosis and alkalosis. Can anyone please explain to me the difference b/t them and help me better understand it better. After a while it just all seems to sound the same. Thanks
Answer:
Ok the guys ahaead of me did a preatty good job of telling you what it is..here is how to remember it...first you will have to know the ranges...
Respiratory Reversal...that the HCO3 and CO2 will be reversed of the pH.
acidosis...low ph, high HCO3 and High CO2
alkaloisi...high pH, Low HCO3 and Low CO2
Metabolic March...all three will be in the same direction...
Acidosis...low pH, low HCO3, Low CO2
Alkalosis..High pH, Hich HCO3, High CO2
so good luck
Before you tackle NCLEX, you should be murmuring "Henderson-Hasselbach" in your sleep.
As you know, normal pH is about 7.40. A pH of 7.30 or lower is a significant acidosis, and 7.50 or higher alkalosis. The main buffering system is among water and carbon dioxide, hydrogen and bicarbonate ions, and carbonic acid. Note that the pKa of the system is about 6.1, but it isn't a closed system. you blow off carbon dioxide with every breath.
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood runs about 40. Blowing off carbon dioxide tends to shift the pH to the basic side, so hyperventilation causes a metabolic acidosis primarily, and the same hard breathing as with Kussmaul respirations causes a partial compensation against metabolic acidosis.
Hypoventilation as with advanced lung disease or central nervous system depression (often from narcotic use or from head trauma) causes the carbon dioxide levels to rise, resulting in a respiratory acidosis. Note that there is no compensatory hypoventilation to compensate for metabolic alkalosis.
Metabolic acidosis is usually caused by endogenous production of acids, often from anaerobic metabolism, and as noted above is normally accompanied by a partial compensation. It's pretty quick and easy to drop the PCO2 by breathing hard.
Metabolic alkalosis is often a spurious and insignificant finding in people on diuretic therapy.
Note that some people with advanced COPD will have a chronic respiratory acidosis (CO2 "retainers"), and it takes some time, but there can be a metabolic compensation.
The term Alkalosis indicates an increase of the pH of the blood; Acidosis indicates its decrease. The term Respiratory indicates that the reason of the pH variation is an alteration of the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood: in particular, a reduction of the levels of carbon dioxide (as for polypnea)causes Respiratory Alkalosis; an increased level of carbon dioxide (as for hypopnea) causes Respiratory Acidosis. Instead, Metabolic Acidosis is caused by either an increase of acid compounds in the blood or a reduced loss of H+ and acid compounds with urination or diarrhaea; Metabolic Alkalosis is provoked by either a loss of acid compounds (ex. vomitation) or (rare) increase of basic compounds.

Did you see a lot of maternity ICU patients?

Are they the really difficult patients to care for? For example, if they hemorrhage or are DIC, would they be considered the top most challenging/high risk patients in the ICU? Anyways, is there such as list of very challenging "types" of ICU patients?
Answer:
Maternity ICU patients who are still pregnant are challenging because you have two patients to be concerned about. Postpartum ICU patients can also be very difficult to treat.
As far as the MOST challenging, I'd go with the folks who were just barely keeping it all together health-wise, and then got into an accident, or broke a hip, and then the whole house of cards came crashing down. These are the ones who won't come off the ventilator, get infections, have renal failure, and just never really bounce back.
The maternity patients are at least young, and can stand more stress than the elderly.
Just my $0.02.
I've seen one, MYSELF, I had pneumonia, heart failure, severe anemia, hypoproteinemia, edema (swelling of he body), sever pruiritic (itchy) rash allover my body, premature contractions, thrombocytopenia, preeclampsia after delivery, urinary tract infection, melena (black stool most probably from a GIT ulcer) I received blood transfusion 3 times (rare blood group though) and protein transfusion 9 times. that's all as far as I remember.
Other serious ICU patients could be people coming in accidents.
However, all ICU patients are difficult cases as they are usually dying.
Each and every patient within the ICU is difficult it is a ward that the majority of patients don't get the opportunity to return to there homes; and if they do then they are more than likely to be left some type of impairment. Then there are the patients that are not in danger but not as sever and they are admitted to a Critical Care Unit (CCU) these ones more than likely will return to a normal life or with a possibility of minimal impairment.
I worked years ago as head nurse within a ICU and the worst was to watch the parents of teen age girl that had OD'd on street drugs that eventually died.
Working in an ICU is very hard and you have to be a special person to do this type of work.

Did you hear about the man in Michigan who had his testicle removed at home?

His doctor refused to remove it for unknown reasons and this man had a "professional" go to his home and perform the surgery. Who would to consent to having an operation in their own home by a hired "professional"?
Answer:
that sounds like the start of a bad limerick
"there once was a man from michigan
whose balls got whacked off by a simian
he bled on the floor
and then bled some more
until the ambulance came and got him"
A bleeping idiiot!! Owwwwwww....
He'd have to be nuts.
good one belfus!
I did see that article. If I was a betting woman, I'd bet it was someone with a veterinary background who castrates cattle, pigs, dogs, etc. What I did wonder...which wasn't mentioned in the article...if the guy got robbed while he was unconscious. They said there was blood in a lot of rooms and that the "professionals" disappeared before the guy woke up. Makes you wonder why if there was another motive if they were only trying to help him.
It was weird though.
This was in MINNESOTA :)
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070807/ap_o...
ouch, why did he want to remove it?

Did my RH factor change?

Since 1980 I had about 8 blood tests, in every one of them I had O+ (I have some of the signed results and even I donated blood). In the past month I'd ankle surgery and for five times the blood tests give O- (even they try a "witnessed" test with another sample of blood).
I know this can't be possible and the test is so simple, but all my doctors, my family and I are perplex. I saw several cases in yahoo questions but in every case there are answers explaining cases of test mistakes or even "Chimera".
Well even this is not really a question but maybe you can comment something. Thank you.
Answer:
You maybe type O weak D+. Call the lab that is getting the Rh negative and tell them you have hard copies of previous results indicating your Rh status as Rh+. Ask the lab if they can do "weak D testing" and follow your Anti-D through the AHG phase -- the blood bank in the lab will understand this... Many years ago all Rh negative individuals were tested for weak D -- the "chimera" you meantioned. Essentially, some people have a D antigen that does not react as strongly as most D antigens do. Weak D testing picks these up and denotes them as Weak D+ -- or Rh+. Over the years, Anti-D reagent used in testing has become more and more sensitive and now detects most of these weaker expressing D's. As a result most labs now do an "immediate spin" Anti-D reaction and do not carry it through the AHG phase where Weak D's demonstrate... BUT these new reagents do not detect all of the Weak D's -- which is what I am suspecting in your case. Hope that helps...
Here's my unscientific comment.
When I was in the 9th grade we tested our own blood type in the biology lab. The ABO test was very straightforward, you saw the reaction clearly under the microscope.
However, the Rhesus reaction was much more subtle, the lab TA made the decisions almost arbitrarily.
Now I don't know how those labs do the tests, but it seems highly unlikely that your blood type changed. False positive sounds much more likely than an extreme Chimera situation, those eight false positives sounds just as unlikely.
I guess if they really want to, they can check if your blood reacts to O+. If it does, that means you never had positive Rhesus, as you would have reacted to your own blood.
Sounds very unlikely... it would be a good idea to test back in the labs that sent you with a Rh +ve and see if they still get a +ve typing now.
Another possibility though unlikely (see below) is whether there has been a random inactivation of the X chromosome.. which may apply if you are a "she" and not a "he". Rh is a dominant factor, so even if random activation were to occur, the positive will always prevail.
So its likely to be a human error in the initial tests. May be, if you are a believer, pray for the people that might have received a mislabelled blood... they may have had a transfusion reaction.
Sounds like a confusion in the way your blood type is reported. Without testing it myself, it seems that what you have is a week D antigen, or Du phenotype. The Rh system is a very large and complex system where D is only one of the components. The D antigen is the only one routinely tested for because of transfusion related problems and maternal/fetal reactions that can occur. The D antigen is a mosaic antigen where certain components of it can be missing. When that occurs the D antigen becomes weekly expressed. Each lab may have their own way to report such results. A common way is to report it as Rh negative, Du positive. I argue with my colleges against reporting it this way because it is misleading. These people are actually D positive even though the testing reactions are negative at immediate spin and at 37C phase. It will be positive at AHG phase, sometimes so week that the reaction is only seen microscopically. As far at transfusing anyone with a week D, the best rule of thumb is to give them Rh negative blood, especially if they are female in child bearing years. Your blood type is determined by gene expression in your cells. Since your genetic structure doesn't change, your blood type wont change either. You may want to check with the labs that did your testing to confirm if you have the Du antigen. Hope this helps.

Depression. Serotonin or norepinedephrine?

I have been researching on this topic for some time and still cannot get a solid answer to this question. Some websites and books say that its due to only Serotonin while others mentioned that its the combination.
I seriously want to know what is the true cause of depression. I know that it is due to the imbalance of neurotransmitter in the brain but which transmitters is it?
Also, there are many drugs available to treat such a symptom. However, it is also known that SSRI and NASSA. One of them is an inhibitor of Serotonin while the other increases the Serotonin in the body. So, how are they related?
Anyone who has an extensive understanding of this topic is welcomed to give an answer. Thanks.
Answer:
I do have a little understanding of this subject so i will try to shed some light:
Depression has been linked to serotonin due to dense amounts of serotonergic nerve cells which are found in areas of the brain that have to deal with mood (such as amygdala, medulla, pons, basically most of the midbrain). Serotonin also plays a influential role with other neurotransmitters such as dopamine and GABA (but thats another story).
As for norepinephrine, this is a neurotransmitter that is linked to euphoria, focus, among other activities, but increase in this chemical would give someone a boost of euphoria (much like when drinking a cup of coffee or taking an amphetamine). So drugs which increase levels of this chemical in the body may aid in treating depression because of those aforementioned attributes.
This is a very difficult question to answer in only a few words so i would direct you to read up on serotonergic and adenergic receptors/cells, as well as review neuroanatomy and how the placement of these cells with high density of these types of receptors might play a role in depression (midbrain).
but no one knows (even at the molecular level) exactly what causes depression, if we knew that we could design a drug that specifically targets a place in the brain that regulates our depression/mood. Most likely their is not one spot, nor is their just one type of depression. Something else you might want to look into are cortisol levels and its affects on depression, i was taught in a psychology class during my undergrad years that this chemical has been correlated to depression.
There is not ONE TRUE SINGLE cause of depression.
isn't the inhibitor of Serotonin actually an SSRI - Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitor? by inhibiting re-uptake, it leaves more Serotonin in the brai to be used.
Some people need the SSRI, others need the other neurotransmitter..
Some need both.
Neurotransmitters play a part, but other factors also affect depression. The way people think about themselves and their lives play a big role in depression for some people. Thinking things like I'm not good enough, I'm stupid, no one likes me, etc. can contribute to or even cause depression. Retraining yourself to think positively can drastically reduce/eliminate depression for some people.
I've taken an SSRI and I've done the retraining thing at different points in my life. Both have worked well for me.
The SSRI keeps the serotonin from being absorbed back into the neurons so that more remains in the synapses.

Dentist, Pediatrician, Sports doctor?

I'm interested in all 3 professions, but I DON'T KNOW WHICH ONE TO CHOOSE!
If anyone out there is a dentist, pediatrician, or sports doctor...tell me if your job is rewarding or not?
and which one do you think is the most difficult, %26 which one's the easiest?
Answer:
Pediatrician $400,000-$600,000
life is a challenge, nothing is easy!
I'm going for my nursing degree. It's not easy...i did want to be a pediatrician..but i do not want to go to school that long. What i do know though that sports medicine is a good career path. There is money to be made there. One of my friends is going for that and my old ANP teacher said that is a great job, that brings in the big bucks.
Pediatrician!Pediatrician!Pedi...

Degenerative Discs?

I have two degenerated discs, meaning they have lost their a lot of their water content. One of them has herniated, and is compressing my L5 nerve root. The other is bulging, but not compressing the nerve. I'm having surgery on the L5 disc in two weeks. Now to my questions.
1. When they cut the herniated portion of the disc out, will it heal itself back to a fairly normal condition?
2. Is it possible to bring water back into the discs after they have degenerated?
Answer:
They will take out the abnormal part of the disc that is pressing on the nerve. That part is doing you more harm than good because it's not in the right place anymore. The opening in the disc where that is removed will scar over but the disc will not return to normal. You will always have less disc at that level. So - as I suspect your doctor has told you, there is a slightly higher risk that you'll have a problem at that level again (as compared to someone that has a normal disc there.)
It's not possible at this point to bring water back to the discs - but the research goes on to treat degenerative discs, including things like nucleus replacement (which is the part of the disc where the water is)
Good luck to you.
Edit: Someone answered that disc replacement is experimental (to date). This is not correct. While nucleus replacement is in research, the FDA has approved 2 lumbar disc replacement implants - the Charite (http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/answers/20... and the ProDisc (http://www.spine-health.com/research/dis... by Synthes. An artificial cervical disc by Medtronic also received FDA approval recently.
They would probably replace the disc depending how bad with a cadaver piece screwed in or a hip bone piece which is not recomended.
With respect to the answer given by the person above, that's actually wrong - doctors do not "replace" part of a disc either with a cadaver piece or a piece of hip bone. To date, disc replacement is an experimental procedure. There is no actual material available that can accurately mimic disc material. Surgeons have experimented with titanium "cages" that are inserted in the disc space, to help maintain distance between vertebrae. To date, these surgeries are not done routinely, and, done electively, are very expensive (on the order of $20,000 per disc).

Definition of human being?

Can anyone tell me the definition of human being with a reliable link? Im doing a research/argumentative paper on stem cell research. thanks!
Answer:
If you want to define "HUMAN BEING", it is basically a member from the species Homo sapien.
For your argument purpose, you need to define "PERSON".
The argument with stem cell research is not whether we are using a human cell. It is an argument of whether we are killing a "PERSON".
If you are killing a person to achieve the goal of treating other person, then it is unethical. A good example would to to steal someone's both kidneys to save live of two person but sacrificing that one person. Unethical in that case.
However, if you are taking something that is not a "PERSON" yet and use it to treat a person or a group of person, then it is OK.
A "PERSON" is defined, as far as I am concern, as someone who has the anatomy to feel and think - must have nervous system. Then that someone must have the ability to think and feel with those nervous system organs.
If you put it that way, the stem cells are not a "PERSON". They are a group of cells made from fertilized eggs and not yet organized to form a nervous system. Using it for treatment of cancer, Parkinson's, Alzheimer, etc, is justifiable, as far as I am concern.
On the other hand, taking organs from mentally regarded or those in coma, as well as late stage fetuses, are not ethical.
Humans, or human beings, are bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin: "wise man" or "knowing man") in the family Hominidae (the great apes. Humans have a highly developed brain capable of abstract reasoning, language, and introspection. This mental capability, combined with an erect body carriage that frees their upper limbs for manipulating objects, has allowed humans to make far greater use of tools than any other species. Humans originated in Africa about 200,000 years ago, but they now inhabit every continent, with a total population of over 6.6 billion as of 2007

Definition of Hemodynamically Unstable?

In the pediatric population.
Answer:
hemodynamically unstable means..that having problem in circulation..hemo means blood and dynamic means motion.so there's trouble in the motion of blood.like hyperdynamic circulation this is caused by many things...inwhich there's rapid shift of blood from the arterial side to the venous side...hyperthyrodism(incre... secretion of thyroid gland) causes hyoer dynamic circulation and anaemia causes hyperdynamic circulation...these r called problems in the peripheral circulation.that can lead to abnormalities in heart work..there's also the opposite of hyperdynamic circulation which is the slugguish circulation ..slow shift of blood from arterial to venous side.caused by polycycemia which is the abnormal increase in the count of red blood cells.
I used to take care of sick kids (now only adults). There are several reasons why we use the term "hemodynamically unstable" -- all relate to the patient's inability to autoregulate blood pressure in response to environmental stressors such as being lifted or turned in a bed or stretcher, to being able to maintaining their basal metabolism.
If a patient's blood pressure remains within the normal range to allow sufficient end organ perfusion (for several hours), even with postural movements (e.g. sitting up), without the need for intervention, they are hemodynamically stable.
If IV meds (inotropes) or transfusions of fluids (e.g. blood) are requires to sustain the blood pressure within acceptable parameters, they are said to be hemodynamically compromised a.k.a. "hemodynamically unstable".
The following are a few examples I can think of in which the term "hemodynamically unstable" would be applied:
1) The patient requires an intravenous inotrope drip (e.g. dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, or some combination) to maintain an adequate mean arterial pressure (MAP) or systolic pressure (SBP) -- both required for vital end-organ perfusion (SBP is only an issue when a part of the brain has too much pressure on it, is swelling, or the arteries supplying parts of the brain are in vasospasm, such that the autoregulatory mechanisms that shunt blood to areas with higher glucose demand are failing).
2) The patient has ongoing internal bleeding that is being treated with blood transfusions and other blood products (to maintain a stable blood volume or preload).
3) The patient's heart pauses or eratically dips into a low rate (despite the body's requirement for a higher one) such that the patient needs a programmed, temporary pacemaker (e.g. a transcutaneous or transvenous pacemaker).
Basically, the same principles apply to adult patients as they do to kids, but kids are more difficult to manage (in general) if they are hemodynamically compromised. Generally, the term applies when it is essential that constant cardiovascular monitoring *and* intervention is required to enable the patient's brain, heart, lungs and other major organs to receive the right amount of blood to function normally.

Define Blood Type A+ and B+?


Answer:
Type A+ = RBC's which have both the 'A' and 'D' antigens on their surface and contain Anti-B antibody in their serum.
Type B+ = RBC's which have both the 'B' and 'D' antigens on their surface and contain Anti-A antibody in their serum.
A+: Blood with sugar A and rhesus
B+: Blood with sugar B and rhesus
teo alleles of A with a sugar added to it (rheseus)
two alleles of B with sugar added to it (rheseus)

Dear friends of the all comunity if I send you my cv somebody could found one job for me ?

CURRICULUM VITAE

Dr. Massimiliano De Angelis
Married, 2 sons
V.le Giustiniano Imperatore, 274
Roma, Italia 00145
06-5400010 - 3204166003
email: massimiliano.deangelis@yahoo.c...

I.CURRENT POSITION
Research microbiologist and research molecular genetics for the GMOs for the CRA Experimental Institute for the nutrition of plants. Responsibilities include:
•developing the relationship between GMOs and human health,
•the impact of the GMOs on the ecosystem and on human health,
•the singling out the transgene of GMOs,
•our complete study on exudation of the root, and the selection of bacteria families that enveloped this exudation.
At the moment I also have a research program with the Institute – Ateneo Pontificio of the Vatican City for the bioremedy on contamined areas of oil selection bacteria families – that utilized hydrocarbon in their metabolism - utilized technical molecular like DGGE-PCR Real Time.
1At present I am responsible of C.Q. of the Biopharma s.r.l. where I have experience in GMP ,sterility test in production of antibiotics b lactamics.

II.EDUCATION
A: Universities:
1Università degli Studi di Roma “ La Sapienza” 1997 –Graduate of Health in Biomedical Tecnology (Faculty of Medicine).
2Università degli Studi di Roma “ Tor Vergata” 2005 – Graduate of Medical Biotechnology (Faculty of Medicine).

B: Thesis Subjects:
2Method Radioimmunology to determine the antibody anti GAD 65 (Decarbossilasi – Glutammic Acid) in Diabetes disease.
(Prof.Mario Pezzella advisor)

3Applications of DNA Microarrays in Biology.
(Prof.G. Federici advisor)


III. EMPLOYMENT EXPERIENCE

4Professional experience at the hospital “S.Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli” – department of Immunoematology for transfusion compatibility. 1994- 1995 1995-1996.
5Professional experience at the hospital Policlinico Umberto I° - department of Immunoendocrinology. 1997.
6Professional experience in La Sapienza University about study of Pseudomonas auriginosa and Burkolderia cenocepacia and interaction with lactoferrina in cystic fibrosis disease.2002

7At present I am responsible of C.Q. of the Biopharma s.r.l. where I have experience in procedure GMP ,sterility test in production of antibiotics b lactamics.

8I have been published in the biotechnology and microbiology study.
Answer:
There are much better resources out there for this. Most of which have the specific purpose of helping someone find a job through the web.
Try monster.com or call up some colleges for resources.

Dayquil makes me chilled?

It makes my skin cold to the touch
Does it just break my fever?
Answer:
Could be. It could also make you feel tired, and make your blood A little thiner, which then can make you feel cold. But it also can be the virus itself. I wouldn't worry about it, as long as your fever is under control, you should be fine. God Bless.

Cycling doping and Insulin?

Among other drugs I have heard that part of the Fuentes doping regiment included insulin.
I have tried to fugure out how this would be useful and how it is done - not that I want to do it.
I have found that some body builders are using it but they don't really say what it does in medical terms and I cannot find info for how endurance athletes might benefit.
Anyone know?
Answer:
hmm, for endurance it might help understand.
Insulin is released from the pancreas after a meal due to an increase in blood glucose level.
It stimulates the muscle and liver cells to uptake and use glucose as a primary energy source.
Insulin promotes glycogen synthesis, converting the excess glucose into glycogen as a form of energy storage in the muscles.
Hence during intensive long term exercise, this energy storage can be hydrolysed easily and the energy required can be easily supplied to the cells that needs them.
Check up more under Actions on cellular and metabolic level of wikipedia if you want
not sure but i think insulin has a lot of sugars init
Insulin helps our bodies utilize glucose to its full potential. Glucose is the most efficient form of energy our body has. So body builders use insulin so their muscles "absorb" the glucose in the blood stream, thereby increasing their energy in the weight room or wherever.
I am not totally sure about my answer, but insulin is a sugar and the only reason i could see it being used, despite to regulate low blood sugar levels, is to increase the athelete's energy levels before a long run. Like eating a Snicker's Bar before a major exam, a jolt of sugar gives you a quick burst of energy.
Technically the body breaks down Insulin into glucose and then it gets metabolized and used as a quick energy source by the bodies muscles. Glucose is one of the bodies main fuel sources. If you're really interested, ask a Biochemistry major about the Kreb's cycle and how the body uses glucose for fuel.
That is unbelieveably stupid and dangerous. Yes, it could promote glucose uptake in the muscle tissue. However, it could also induce hypoglycemia and death. But I suppose winning is more important than life and health to some people.

Cutting a vein?

I'm doing this report on cutting (mostly wrists), an unfortunately common activity amongst teenagers nowadays, but I have some doubts at medical level and I was hoping someone could enlighten me.
I never actually cut a vein/artery (thank God) but I heard when you do you don't feel the pain right away but instead in a few hours, and it is truly excruciating. Is this true?
Also, if the injury is inflicted with something metallic, let's say none-sterilized, and the person allows it to bleed for a few hours without making anything about it (not cleaning it in any way or applying antiseptics), is it possible to get into some kind of shock from the blood loss/infection? And if so, could someone give me a brief description of the sympthoms/effects before, during and after the cut, and the many solutions for the problem? I accept websites recommendations as well.
Thanks in advance!
Answer:
the blood vessels themselves don't have pain-sensing nerves, so you're right that cutting them wouldn't hurt- but all the surrounding skin and tissues do have pain sensing nerves, so i really don't know how you can cut into a vein and not feel the pain right away.
trauma to a large blood vessel such as the radial artery (the artery in your wrist) would cause shock from the blood loss. sure, you may get septic shock from an infection, but that would happen several days later. you wouldn't die of the infection right away. the blood loss would probably kill you first.
you dont feel it right away .
If I also write it up and present it will I get an A? Why would anyone want to do a report on such a graphic subject? Anyway if you do sever a vein or artery usually you don't feel it at first. And usually the person will turn white and faint due to seeing the injury not actually feeling it. Infections I don't know a lot about. I assume anything that goes untreated can/would get infected unless you have some really strong antibodies!
First off if cut with something metallic yes they can end up with an infection. Second, They usually feel nothing do to the mental status that they are in and that the fact that they damage the nerves when they cut their wrists. There can be many reasons why a teenager tries to harm them-self. As far as the correction, parents need to pay more attention to their children and what watch for signs of depression which usually leads to suicide. Common signs of depression is loss of appetite, they keep themselves isolated, grades fall, changing clothing if a child goes from wearing colorful clothing to all black and it's not because she is following the new trend it maybe a sign they are having problems. The list of symptom for depression is endless. Goggle depression to get a complete list. As far as the after math of the attempt - once they cut their wrist, they usually do do faint from the loss of blood, sight of blood etc. Most attempts from teenagers to commit suicide is a feeble attempt to cry for help...You can also goggle teenage suicides and you will turn up a lot of statics and sound information.
Cutting hurts. That's something of the point among self-mutilators. The vessel itself, though, isn't overly rich in pain receptors. People who cut wrists normally don't get down to the radial artery, which is deep to some of the tendons. If a large enough vessel is cut, though, it can bleed substantially, hence the quick effectiveness of seppuku. Hypovolemic shock. And any wound can get infected. Most venous bleeders, though, are going to clot off at some point. There's an old and somewhat sardonic surgical maxim: "All bleeding stops." And infectious complications are normally going to take days.
People who lose major amounts of blood do not generally exhibit pain so much as anxiety and breathlessness, since getting oxygen into the tissues is a basic drive that overrides the importance of pain.

Curious. can you overdose on all types of vitamins ?


Answer:
Yes, but it's pretty hard to OD on the water-soluble ones (B complex and C), and not that easy with E among the fat-soluble ones. A and D are the only ones that have serious acute toxicities at doses not that much above normal.
W W D is correct, except that vitamin A is not toxic at "slightly above normal" intakes.
A handful of dried apricots (6) has about 5,400 units of vitamin A in the form of beta carotene. That's slightly above the "daily value". I eat up to six times that amount, somewhat regularly; and I am still here to tell about it.
I know your body knows how to handle an excess amount of vitamine C, it just passes right through you and is removed in urine. If you take an excess of vitamine C you might notice that your urine is a much brighter colour than usual.
There is no known toxicity for pantothenic acid(B5). Excess intake is excreted by the kidneys.No toxicity of excess biotin intake has been described.Excessive amounts of riboflavin (B2)are usually not absorbed due to the limited water-solubility and the inability of the human gastrointestinal tract to absorb toxic doses of the compound .No real syndrome of excess thiamine (B1)exists since the kidneys can rapidly clear almost all excess thiamine . Its half-life is 9.5 to 18.5 days. Everything else has a know side effect with overdose including vit C.
I have no idea about the lesser known so-called vitamins(laetrile ("vitamin B17," amygdalin), pangamic acid ("vitamin B15," diisopropylamine dichloroacetate), and gerovital ("vitamin H3")

Cure for HIV/AIDS ...?

When will be treatment to completely cure or finish hiv/aids from human body avaialable ?
i read an pharmasutical journal which says hiv/aids will be a curable disease by 2012.
And world will witness number of infected people on the world start declining after that.
is this possible.. ?
can we see cure for HIV/AIDS in next 10 years.
how long HIV/AIDS can survive in this world...
science is changing fast, i think advance in science and new technologies like bio-tech, nano-tech too help reasarchers and scientists to find a cure for HIV/AIDS.
Answer:
no cure available as such for now,
noboby can predict future.
There is no cure yet, and medicine advances slowly. Don't count on a cure for at least another ten years; probably more. There just is not enough funding for this kind of research.
We can only hope.
I think it will be later than that sadly, the HIV/AIDS virus is unique it is constantly changing and growing. Cancer has been around a while and we still don't have a cure for that and it is not as complex as HIV/AIDS.
I believe there must be a cure for AIDS. many alternate methods such as ayurveda have been claiming that they have the cure for aids.
their arguement is, since aids affects the immune system, if the patient is provided with medication that strengthens the immune system they disease can be cured.
but i dont think they really have the 'cure' but there are many cases where the patient has been able to lead a better life and death has been delayed.
the challenge would be to come up with a medicine that would act faster than the aids virus in rejuvenating the immune system. i think this will take a couple of more years.
also we have to consider that ayurveda is a natural herbal based system, and natural systems take longer to produce results.
this kind of time is one thing the patients cant afford.
but i do believe and hope that we can come up with a cure for this atleast within the nest 2 decades.
If we took all the cost of the hype and the price of ink for news stories and applied it to research a cure may be found a lot sooner. I think it is one of the new Red Scares, in this case blood. People make money around the HIV/AIDS situation, it has become a cottage industry. Not that there are not people who care, many are working on the problem and are dedicated to a solution, and they have to pay rent like anyone else. Money is a big factor. Over population may be another.
we can opnly hope! at least they are able to control it now with the cocktail of medicine they have to take but it is ashame that not all people can afford the meds.
It is unlikely there will be a cure by 2012. HIV uses RNA as its genome, which is converted to DNA by a protein call reverse transcriptase. A hallmark of these viruses is the fact that they mutate at a very high rate (much faster than if DNA was used as the genome) due to the low fidelity of reverse transcriptase. That is why all of the medications that are available now only work for a short time- the virus will mutate to lessen or eliminate the effects of the meds.
Also, I wanted to note that the biology behind HIV is much simpler than cancer. Cancer is a multifactorial disease that requires 6-8 mutations in critical genes before it becomes malignant, which will vary greatly from person to person. It is for this reason that a single cure for cancer is unlikely given its varied nature.
We have not been able to cure the common cold despite trying for a very long time. The HIV virus literally gets inside of the cells, where it gets busy manufacturing copies of itself. It also has a way of modifying its genetic signature so that a vaccine is very hard to produce. I personally am extremely pessimistic that a cure will be found in the immediate future, if ever.
The only real solution involves modifiying human behavior, and attempts to do so have been a miserable failure.
there is no cure for aids. there will be a vaccine available in a near future mandatory for everyone and aids will be just a bad experience.

Crushing Pills?

I've read a lot of the answers about crushing pills but I had another question or two. I take about 35 perscription medications each week and a lot of the bottles say do not crush or chew. On the bottles that do not say that, is it safe to crush those up and mix them with food? A lot of the pills just dissolve on my tongue and taste horrible. I also have sudden severe headaches and a lot of the time my vicodin or tylenol3 takes forever to work. I wondered if crushing those would increase the speed that my system metabolizes those pills. I know there's a danger when crushing any pill that you'll receive too much of the dose at once (especially with time release pills like ambien or lunesta) but is it something that will cause serious health issues or just something to be wary of and only do occasionally?
Answer:
call your RX
Where the tablet is coated so that the medicine is released either gradually or only in the stomach, the tablet should not be crushed or chewed. The medicine may be corrosive to the esophagus or the tongue itself.
Where it is not expressly forbidden, crushing may be OK, but it is generally intended to be swallowed whole.
If you want a medicine to work really fast, think of dissolving it in a little water and gulp the liquid down. Discuss with your doctor or pharmacist whether a particular medicine can be dissolved in water, tea, coffee or fruit juice etc.
dont crush. just swallow.
Don't ever crush time release pills or controlled release pills, those are the only pills you can't crush though, ever other ones will be fine and no, it won't speed up the metabolizim rate, and if it did it would only be by a mere 5 minutes max. If you crush time or controlled release pills it would only give you too much medicine at once, it will exceed the therapeutic dose in the allowed time slot and could seriously hurt you. Such as overdose you and cause organ failure, nausea, vomiting, abd cramps, unconsciousness, heat palpitations, heart failure and even death, so in my opinion why take the risk right? Well, hope this helps! If you have anymore questions feel free to e-mail me at supermankangaroo@yahoo.com

Crushing pill?Could this be the problem?

I take a medicine called invega.On one day i took half the pill instead of whole, so i cut it into half.And after that I had a very bad stomach pain that will not go away with even pain releivers.Could this be because of the pill that i divided.Please explain.
Answer:
Do not crush, chew, break, or open a controlled-release, delayed-release, or extended-release tablet or capsule. Swallow the pill whole. It is specially made to release medicine slowly in the body. Breaking or opening the pill would cause too much of the drug to be released at one time.
Try eating something, if the pain doesn't go away soon, you should call a doctor.
Yes, it could be caused by the pill. Many pills are coated so that the inside ingredients do not get out until after the stomach. How long have you taken the medication? Could it be the medication effect totally? Call your pharmacy and ask them directly. It could also be a mixture with other medications or of specific foods mixed with the medication.
i doubt it! maybe if it was a capsule.but not a pill! good luck.
Yes. You are never suppose to split extended release medications, because this can effect the time release mechanism as well as cause an accidental overdose.

Cpr/emt program?

i am 16 and i live in somerset nj i want to do a cpr training program so i can do emt.
how long is the course of emt and how does it help?
for me to do emt i need a cpr course done but i dont know where to do it. they have it at robert wood johnson hospital new brunswick nj but i cant find the form online.
if someone can find it it would be nice.
any other information of emt/cpr for teens is needed.
thanks!!
Answer:
CPR courses can be found by contacting your local American Heart Association. I believe you need to be 18 to be a certified EMT. Also alot of EMTs and Paramedics are also cross trained as firemen or even police officers in many communities.
You have to be 18 to be an EMT. The EMT-Basic program can go anywhere from a month to a semester. I live in Michigan, so check out the schools in your area. If you want to be a paramedic, it's even more school, and the things you can do are different.
Check here for CPR classes:
AmericanHeart.org
E-Mail me if you have questions, need more info, or ever need help with homework...
Good luck, and be ready to give up life as you know it!
A lot of people going into the EMT classes pre-take classes in CPR. From what I have seen in my classes, most of them take the American Red Cross CPR for the Professional Responder class or the Heart Association's BCLS class.
Pre-taking a class looks good on the application, and it gives you a head start on some of the topics you will cover later.

Could u explain to me the following guidelines involved in intravenous infusion?

explain each, if possible...please..urgent...th... u..
GUIDELINES INVOLVED IN INTRAVENOUS INFUSION:
1.Asses need for therapy
2.Check for evidence of fluid of electrolyte imbalance
3.Inspect the prescribed equipment to be used
4.Know the patients vital signs
5.Know the patients weight
6.Know the patients medical history and the present medicine he is taking
7.Know the patients mobility of exercise state
8.Note the last intravenous tubing or dressing was last changed
9.Select the suitable vein for venipuncture to minimize discomfort of patient
10. Utilize the best way of distending the vein
11. Thoroughly clean the venipuncture site
12. Label all tubing initials along time and date initiated
13. Know the patients dominant hand
14. The use of arm board is considered when intravenous devices are placed over areas of flexion to prevent injury
15.Adjust the flow rate of the fluid prescribed by the physician
16.Monitor flow rate every 1 hour
Answer:
You think your question is urgent! Wait until you're with a patient "going south", and you do not know what to do....
or how to do it, or even IF you should do it!
I would think if you are in the position of having to know this information, you would also know how important it is to find it out for yourself. In short, know how, what, when, where, and why you're doing something, or DON'T do it!!!!
Ok I'm bored... I'll do a few for you at least:
1. Obvious, do they need an IV? Can the med be given PO? If it can be given orally, it is much better for the patient. Safes them from getting too many needles and will speed up the time they have to stay in hospital.
2. You need to know what their fluids and lytes are before you start pumping them full of more fluid. Makes sense right? Don't infuse a bag of NS with KCL if they are hyperkalemic...
3. Error can be avoided, make sure you have the right IV set up. Is it running through a pump, gravity, etc. Are you starting the IV or just changing it. What IV should be running? What is prescribed? Any medication to be added? All very important things to consider.
4. Again, you need to know that what your giving is appropriate. Is it wise to be giving someone a litre of NS if they are currently running a BP of 200/130? probaby not.
5. Important in verifying that the amount you are giving them is suitable. Also, you'll want to monitor for weight gain and loss following the infusion. Remember, 1L of fluid = I kg in weight. So if you give them a litre and they gain 5 kg... something may be up.
6. Allergies? Diabetic? History of clotting? Do the medications they are on affect fluid uptake or kidney function? Lots of stuff here.
7. Should you be considering edema as a concern post infusion? This will help you predict how the infusion will affect the patient.
8. Depending on the insitition and type of IV, tubings and dressing changes must be performed regularily so to maintain a level of sterility within the system. You are injecting right into the vein, any bacteria that gets in is potentially harmful to the patient
9. Know what hurts and what doesn't. This comes with study and practice. AC hurts, so does the hand. You will learn what doesnt hurt over time. My favorite spot is just medial of the AC, about one inch. Or just below that.
10. Heat compresses work wonders. Have the patient pump thier hand open and closed if they can. Use a tourniquet.. there are tons of little tricks. Usually involving motion and heat to get the blood flowing.
11. Here we use iso-propyl alcohol swabs for this. Depending on where you are, you may use other substitutes.. iodine and chlorohexidine are two I can think of right away.
12. Going back to number 8. You needed to check, so will the next person.
13. I adressed this in your other post. It is all about patient comfort here.
14. A needle moving around in your arm can be painful and can obviously cause damage.. try and reduce that. Especially useful in children who cannot keep their arms still no matter what :)
15. If the physician says 150 ml/ hr. Do it. That being said. Use your judgement before you set this number blindly. If you have an order to infuse 100 ml an hour into a 20 kg child... think twice... that would most likely put him or her into fluid overload... recheck the order... did it say 100 or 10.0? double check with the doc if needed. Don't do something that doesnt seem right to you.
16. Things happen. IVs can get knocked around, the rate may change. Kids can pull on stuff, adults can be figety. Its always safe to be sure you are giving the right amount. Even if you are using a pump and not gravity, check... I've seen too many pumps act stupidly, or family members "try to help out" by hitting a button or two. *rolls eyes*
damn
I did them all
your welcome

Could this type of lung strain cause suffocation while training?

I am about to start training under these conditions (im a runner) and wanted some advice first.
running on a treadmill, and attatching a mask that only lets a little air (the size of the tube) into my nose and mouth. at the end of the tube, i will have a blowdryer blowing hot air . i know this could be harmful to an ammeture, but i amwell trained. the question isn't wheather i will suffocate or not, but if this is healthy to do for 20 minutes straight.
Answer:
This sound harmful for anyone. You are using a blow-dryer. What does a blow-dryer do? Blow dry air that is also very hot. You want that going in your lungs, for what purpose on earth? If you are trying to get acclimatised to a hot environment. the entire body must be involved and it usually takes a couple weeks. I think the only thing you will achieve is a trip to one of two places: a hospital with permanent lung injuries: or a morgue with permanent death.
Your crazy. yes of course it could be harmfull. Under those conditions, you would probably pass out from too much heat and lack of oxygen.
If you are well trained, I would think that you would know what methods are safe for training which are not.
You are asking for trouble with the setup you have. Depriving your body of oxygen will never help.

Could the clinical use of Methylphenidate cause excessive sweating during an increased heart rate?

Methylphenidate for treating ADHD.
Would the side effect correlate to the drug use?
Answer:
You bet. Methylphenidate is a relative of the amphetamine family and can thus cause all the nasty side effects of the amphetamines including tachycardia and excessive phoresis (sweating) and often a fight or flight response. If your using it legitimately then call your doctor and report the side effects immediately. If you are taking it illicitly (say hitting the old Vitamin R) then you need to consider going to the ER if the effects persist. And quit taking it if your using it illegally, its as bad as methamphetamine if not properly prescribed and monitored. Sooner or later you will visit the ER or your local Jail.

Could someone walk through what to listen for when taking your blood pressure?


Answer:
The preferred area to check blood pressure is the forearm -the front side of theelbow. The artery normally produces no any sound. When you apply the cuff above the forearm and applies pressure, the blood supply is stopped and when the pressure is released, the pulse becomes audible with the resumption of the blood flow. The first distinct sound heard indicates the systolic blood pressure while the last sound heard will be the diastolic blood pressure.
There should be numbers that tell you ure diastolic and systolic pressure...
You may take your blood pressure on either arm, although most people choose the left. The arm should be bare. If you roll up a sleeve, be certain that it is not so tight that it cuts off circulation to the arm. Slide the cuff onto your arm to a position just above the elbow.
Now rotate the cuff so that the chest piece of the stethoscope is about one inch above the elbow and under the biceps muscle. This is where the brachial artery runs. By putting your finger along this spot, you may be able to feel the pulse. Make sure the stethoscope chest piece is over the pulse spot. Tighten the cuff by pulling the tail of the cuff through the D-ring and wrapping it back over the fastener. Make sure the chest piece is placed correctly or you won't be able to measure your blood pressure accurately.
Sit at a table with your forearm resting comfortably at about heart level. The room should be quiet.
Place the ear tips of the stethoscope in your ears, remembering to turn ear tubes slightly forward for better fit.
Hold the pressure gauge in the other hand of the arm without the cuff.
With the trigger in the "out" or "pump" position, rapidly squeeze the bulb until the pointer in the gauge is about 30 mmHg above your systolic (top number) pressure. If you do not know your systolic pressure, try 180. The cuff should feel tight and your arm may feel cramped.
Once the cuff is inflated, stop pumping and position your index finger over the trigger air release valve. Watch the gauge dial face and slowly deflate the cuff by depressing lightly on the trigger until tension is felt. During the measurement phase attempt to keep the deflation rate slow and steady, at 2 to 4 mmHg per second. This requires only light pressure on the trigger. (Note: Inflate the cuff rapidly, and quickly begin pressure deflation to avoid hazards that occur due to prolonged overinflation of the cuff).
As you start to deflate the cuff you should hear nothing. If you hear sound immediately you will have to pump higher before you begin. As the cuff pressure decreases and the pointer falls, the first sound you will hear is a thumping - the first of several similar beats. The point at which these sounds begin is your systolic pressure. Note the position of the pointer.
Continue listening for the thumping sounds. When the sound stops, you have reached your diastolic pressure. Note the position of the pointer. Once you have measured your systolic and diastolic pressures, depress the trigger to the "dump" position and release the remaining air out of the cuff.
Immediately record your systolic and diastolic pressure.
If you are not certain about either the systolic or diastolic pressures, do not immediately reinflate the cuff. Wait a few minutes for normal circulation to return to your arm and begin again.
If you have not been able to hear the sounds clearly:
You may not have the cuff positioned correctly. Make sure the stethoscope is over the brachial artery.
You may be in a noisy place and not able to hear clearly. Relax and take your pressure in a quiet place.
You may not have the cuff tight enough when you begin to pump it. In general, two fingers should fit snugly under the uninflated cuff.
The sounds are louder if the cuff is inflated as rapidly as possible. Make sure you're pumping quickly.
The stethoscope ear tips should fit comfortably in your ears, forming an "air seal" to block outside noise. This may take several adjustments of the stethoscope ear tubes.
People whose arms are extremely large may require a larger than standard sized cuff for accurate measurement. Check with your doctor if your upper arm is larger than 16 in. around.
For a variety of medical reasons, your blood pressure may be particularly hard to measure. Check your technique with someone experienced in blood pressure measurements if you continue to have difficulty.
You listen for the first "hard" beat sound, then continue to listen until you hear the faintest beat and then nothing. Mark the numbers when you hear these two beats and you have systolic (the top number) and diastolic (the bottom number).
You don't have to listen to any thumps if you are taking your own blood pressure. Follow the procedure suggested by Indiana Frenchman but forget the stethoscope. As you release the air from the cuff you will feel your own pulse in the arm. Mark the systolic pressure when the pulse appears and the diastolic where it disappears. It works only if you are recording the BP on yourself. Try it.
If recording BP on another person, you need the stethoscope; which basically makes the same pulse audible to you.

Could patient trafficking occur with a patient diagnosed with ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome)?


Answer:
Very possible. The traffickers could find an oportunity from such patient as "useful" to any purpose in their minds.
Visit this link:
http://www.thestormproject.com/...

Could aspirin have caused this type of reaction?

Around 3 I took some Dollar General brand head ache relief. It said on the front that it contains caffeine,acetaminophen, and asprin. About an hour later I began experiencing symtoms of a panic attack (heart racing,short-ness of breath,couldn't sit still,etc) I kept feeling this until I finally went to sleep around 9:30 and I just woke up about 15 minutes ago. I feel a little better but my heart still feels like its racing a little bit, and on top of that my headache is worse. Think I'm sensitive to caffeine or the aspirin?
Answer:
My guess would be that it was a reaction to the caffeine. The most common reaction to aspirin is stomach upset or pain, but a respiratory reaction is possible, too.
i think it's due to caffeine, since caffeine is a stimulant..so it causes an increase in heart rate and breathing. is you're already improving, just wait for the effect of the drug to wear off.
I am allergic to aspirin. It causes me to swell on one side of my body with a burning sensation. Acetaminophen and aspirin, I don't think is a good combination. You have 2 pain killers working on you and tat could have cause your heart rate/pulse to go up, also the shortness of breath. Be very careful with that because all that pain medicine at once isn't good for you. You could easily slip into a coma in your sleep or respiratory failure.

Could a doctor loose his or her license for dating a patient even if the patient was?

as much into the relationship as the doctor?
Answer:
I do not believe that her license would be taken, but she would probably end up with disciplinary action by the medical board that regulates her. Even if the patient agrees to the relationship.
Depending on what type of MD, a psychiatrist dating a patient may very well lose his/her license, but an general practitioner may not.
Should the doctor and patient mutually agree to a relationship then that doctor needs to relinquish care to another physician immediately, preferrably in a different office.
NO
no the doctor wont lose his licence but after a while he wont be able to see her as a patient.. she will have to see another doctor but they can continue their relationship with no problems/hassles
It's possible, especially since the people on licensing boards tend to be urbanites. Imagine the situation of a doctor who's the only physician for fifty miles in a rural area!
I agree with amilne2441
If you are a psychiatrist, you can lose license for dating patients. That is the one specialty that is not allowed.
For other field, it is a taboo that is frawned upon. There is no law, but it should be avoided. To date a patient, one must fire the patient for an extended period to make sure that there is no conflict of interest or cohersion.

Cost of Hepatitis B shot?

what is the cost...and does a person have to recieve more then one shot ?
Answer:
http://www.hepb.org/hepb/vaccine_informa...
Only one shot is necessary,and if you are in health care you should get vaccinated.
First, I am not a physician, and do not practice medicine, but I hope you take me seriously. The price ranges from "free" to "whatever the market can bear". County Public Health Departments offer them either "free" or "very cheaply". I can promise you one thing, no matter what it costs, it is a deal, compared to getting Hepatitis. Getting this disease can cost so many thousands of dollars, over time, and could result in your death, which is actually quite cheap, but a bit intrusive!
Simply paying a doctor at his office might be easier than qualifying for a "free" one at the County, but it will only take two phone calls, or a couple of internet searches, to find out for sure which way to go.
Do it! This rates right up there with "use protection".
Ricky
I got a series of Twinrix of shots before I went to Mexico a couple of years ago. It cost about $150 total. It was three shots about 30 days apart.
Aloha, as a person who has gone through the series-due to having hepatitis "C" the shot for me was free.
Due to the Viet-nam conflict,the veterans admin gives me treatment.Fact is they told me, after decades of getting told I had a strain of none "A or B" finally that I had C
You should be able to get the shots free,due to the health of the masses.
Take care.

Coroner? forensics? doctor? school?

i had set my plans to becoming some sort of doctor.. but ever since my sister got me hooked up on CSI...that fascinated me..
lookin more towards a coroner... i have already taken courses such as human anotomy and phisiology, physics, and will be taking advanced calculus and advanced biology.. what would be the best way to lean to.. a coroner or a doctor? and what are some good colleges for this?.. i have no problem when it comes to seeing blood
Answer:
Coroner is a political position that's normally a lot different from that of medical examiner. Go to medical school, specialize in pathology, and if you still have the interest subspecialize in forensic pathology, and you'll be one of a very few. Many smaller states have trouble keeping even one or two forensic pathologists on their payroll, so you can have a considerable amount of pull in a unique position.
Depending on the laws in your state, the county coroner may very easily not be required to have any medical training of any sort. To find out the exact delineation between the duties of the coroner and medical examiner, and the forensic pathologist, you'll have to look locally. In many smaller communities, the coroner is a part-time government job, and you could talk to him at his regular job to find out the specifics.
I became a doctor after I got my PhD in physics. It sure was a roundabout way, but I am not sorry. I have been in private practice for 30 years now.
I have been thinking about running for coroner in my county. This is not the medical examiner, however; the medical examiner usually does the autopsies. In some places, a local physician or pathologist is contracted to do autopsies. In cases where forensics may be a problem, the state will send, when asked, a medical examiner.
You have to get straight A's in college. If turned down, try again and again. If you really want it, do not give up. Giving up is not the attribute of a good doctor.
to be a coroner you need to be a doctor first. Get into medical school, graduate do well in your frist few years then specialise as a coroner

Coricidin cough and cold "triple c's"?

How many mg of Dextromethorphan hydrobromide otherwise known as DXM does Coricidin cough and cold have in it?
Answer:
30 mg.
If you wanted to know to get high by dexing with it, don't it has it has another ingredient that will really mess you up if you abuse it.
Chlorpheniramine Maleate:
High doses of Chlorpheniramine Maleate (CPM) can cause severe and life-threatening symptoms including seizures; shortness of breath or troubled breathing; weakness; loss of consciousness; severe dryness of mouth, nose, or throat; bleeding from skin, mouth, eyes, rectum, and vagina; and possibly death.
Sorry, but I don't think the small high you get from it is worth all these side effects.
dunno but if you take alot of them you will trip

Contact lenses?

are prescribed contact lenses expensive?
Answer:
nah...the ones i have are $40 a box. those are the kind you change every 2 weeks. Either 6 or 8 in a box, sorry i can't remember.
Indeed they are my friend.
Yes, unfortunately. I wear contacts too, but I definitely prefer them over my glasses.
it depends on what you get but they are close in price. it also depends on what your insurance covers and if you have any.
Depends on the type. The dr.s appointment costs more than for glasses as you have to pay for the fitting as well, but a years supply can be about 50 bucks if you're purchasing the cheap ones. You also need to factor in the price of cleansing solution too though.
No mine weren't mine are 50.00 a box, It comes whit 3 packs. and you change every 2 months. so that's 6 months 4 50 bucks! I think its a GREAT DEAL! Hope you get some inexpensive ones
oh and there prescribed
I can see great!! LOL
They aren't too cheap.
I pay about 50 dollars for 6 pairs that last about a week or so each.
So yeah they kinda are.
depends on where you get them from and how often.
Yes they are,but you can try to save some $$ by getting your eyes checked, then take the prescription to a place that has a special, like Walmart or lens crafters
Contact lenses are in fact expensive. They are not EXTREMELY expensive, but they will put a dent in your pocket! Sometimes it is easier to get glasses (over time they will pay off to be cheaper than contacts).
It really depends on what you need and what you define as expensive. I need toric lenses which are special and they are expensive compared to other average lenses and I pay about $100 for a year supply of disposable lenses (you wear the same lenses for a week then throw them out and wear new ones next week). The best thing you can do is talk to your optomitrist about what is right for you since there are so many options out there to choose from.

Contact lenses?

about how much money are the prescribed contact lenses? and im not talking about the ones in the box OK??
Answer:
Depends on the manufacturer.
For instance a pair of lenses for a year cost about $160 dollars.
Now if your graduation is available on dispossable ones you could get 2 boxes for a six month treatment for about $90 dollars. Therefore making the year long treatment as expensive as the year long lenses.
Now if you have certain types of eye situation you may be better suited for one year long custom made contacts. I.e. Astigmatism higher than 3.5 in toric lenses. You may have a hard time finding dispossable lenses for that kind of graduation.
But I do find dispossable lenses more comfortable so I do like to pay for those.
I don't quite understand "the ones from the box"...do you mean disposable? I pay $90 for a six month supply...but it was the same price as the ones I wore that weren't the toss away kind ($180 for one pair for the year) which is why I made the switch. Same price, only fresh lenses every two weeks.

Contact lenses?

Could you tell me the best contact lenses out there, the best brand, whatever, and the most comfortable ones?
Answer:
Acuvue 2 are very easy to handle and care for. They are also very comfortable. At Walmart, you can get a box of 6 for $14.00!
Acuvue. They are the best.
bausch and lomb contact lenses. They have the one you can wear even when sleeping

Contact lenses?

i jsut got contacts and theyre amazing. i love them. but...everytime you put them in..do you also put in a great deal of bacteria? i mean, i do wash my hands like crazy and use the solution. but i work in an optometry clinic and ive had ppl buyin contacts, takin them outta the box right there, on the counter and just puttin them in. like that. no washing their hands. how does that work? so, if u wash ur hands and use the solution, do u put bacteria in?
Answer:
I wear contacts. I'm not too superficial about bacteria and germs, but I do wash my hands before touching my face and eyes. I've been okay, so I'm sure you'll be fine. And to the people who dont, that's their problem %26 they shouldve been smarter.
If you wash your had your ok, but if you don't then you are putting a lot of bacteria in. That's why they always say that you should wash your hands when handling your lenses.

Contact lenses in sauna?

Can u go with them to a sauna?
Answer:
yeppp, i have contact lenses and i do it alllll the time. you should be fine. :)
a what? no wear cheese instead!
It's probably not the best idea, you could but with the steam and all in there, it will dry your eyes out.
No
I don't see y not.
no if u go in water with your contacts in they will go up inside ur head and really really hurt, then u can't open ur eye very well to get em out. that happened to me when i was in water, it is a definate no..no!!
You should not swim with your contact lenses on or wear them while you are in a hot tub or sauna. Your contact lenses could wash out of your eyes and be lost. Additionally I swimming pools are a source of chlorine, which can build up on your soft lenses and cause eye irritation. Most importantly, it is also possible that certain organisms present in the water could attach to your lenses and cause infection. Cases of Acanthamoeba have been associated with hot tub use while wearing contact lenses.
No. It is not good because high temperature which will let your eyes and contact lenses dry.

Sunday, October 25, 2009

Confused about breaking a hip and blood clots?

If an elderly person breaks a hip then develops a blood clot in the lungs, how can blood thinner save their life? What if the blood clot traveled from another part of the body? What would the life expectancy be for someone in this situation? I appreciate any answers that will help me to understand. Thanks!!
Answer:
Your question is the reason not many people that break their hips due to osteoporosis live very long. They may die soon after from a fatty embolism or later on from the blood clot you are asking about or pneumonia. The problem arises from being bedridden and sedentary. This will cause stasis of blood or blood that pools and does not move, this can be a risk factor for a clot. A blood thinner really does not thin the blood or alter the viscosity of blood, it is a drug that interferes with the blood clotting mechanism thus preventing clots from forming in the first place. A common place for a clot to form are in the deep veins of the legs, from there they can move and lodge in the lungs, heart, brain. In any event they can be lethal. This is a predictable event, so steps are taken to prevent this like putting someone who has broken a hip on thinners, using the compression stockings. And whenever possible get that person up and walking as soon as possible. If a person has a dangerous clot formed there are drugs that can break them up called clot busters. These are drugs like TPA (tissueplasminogen activator) Streptokinase. These drugs will work on young clots usually no older than 6 hrs. old, in fact they are similar to what our body produces for us to break up clots. As I said an elderly person with a hip fracture does not have a great prognosis because they are now laid up and that person can become debilitated.
blood thinners help by making the blood so thin that more blood doesn't accumulate around the clot. A pulmonary embolism is a very dangerous condition, and if not caught in time can burst, causing immediate and certain death.
A clot happens (especially in an elderly person and a person just out of surgery) because of poor circulation (lack of movement, especially in the legs) within the body. (usually starts in the legs and then travels to other parts till it can't travel anymore) Blood thinners thins out the blood making it more difficult to clot, thus preventing a life threatening condition.
It depends on where the blood clot is and also if they are seeing their doctor about it. Usually, a person won't know if they have a blood clot, unless they have swelling and loss of feeling. Blood clots can be a very dangerious thing, especially if it travels to the brain (stroke) or heart (heartattack).
Hope tha helps!
Blood thinners like Heperin,Lovenox and Coumadin may help to break up the clots,and may help to prevent new ones from forming. If a clot goes to the lung,it is a Pulmonary Embolism, and called a PE. If it is in the vein,it is called a DVT,for Deep Vein Thrombosis. In the arteries,it is called an Arterial Clot. All are serious.But some never dissolve. Many different conditions can cause clots.If the clot goes to the brain,or heart it kills you. Google blood clots to learn more about this. Hope it helps you.
It's not just elderly people. It's anyone who has had traumatic injuries, and has reduced mobility. There are also other risk factors, which I won't go into here.
The blood clots you're talking about are known as pulmonary emboli. These are clots which have formed somewhere else, usually the deep veins of the legs, and broken off and been swept into the lungs by the blood stream. When the blood clot is anchored in the vein, it is called a thrombus.
When a person is found to have thrombus in their veins, or emboli in their lungs, they are immediately given blood thinners--usually, heparin. Heparin reduces the ability of blood to clot, which stops additional clot from forming. For long term treatment of the clots, patients are usually given coumadin, which also helps the blood to be less prone to clotting, and allows the body to break down the clots that already exist.
Thrombus in a vein does not usually cause death. It is when it breaks free and becomes and embolus that it becomes potentially deadly. How dangerous it is depends on the size of the clot. The larger the clot, the more the blood vessels in the lungs will be obstructed. Block enough of them, and you're dead in a matter of minutes.
In order to prevent blood clots in the legs from reaching the lungs, doctors will usually place an IVC filter--a metal trap inside the Inferior Vena Cava, to catch any blood clots that manage to break free.
A blood thinner is exactly what it is. It keeps the blood from clotting causing clots. it does not help with clots that are already formed. They can give TPA (Transplasmogen Antigen). It is a clot buster. Life expectancy is not very long if the clot is not caught early enough. With a clot to the lungs, it really does not take very long at all for someone to die. They feel very short of breath, anxious, and they turn blue. When someone has hip surgery they are immobile causing poorer circulation causing blood not to return to the heart fast enough causing a clot to form. Clots can lodge in the vein and break off causing an embolism. Clots that stay where they are are called an emboli.

Concerta + alcohol??

I am prescribed to 36mg concerta. I was tired and so I took one at 5pm. When will be a safe time for me to drink alcohol? It did not say "do not drink alcohol" on the bottle, and my doctor didnt say anything about it so that is why I am asking... thankyou.
Answer:
this is a question your pharmacist would be glad to answer. the one thing to remember is that not all Rx drugs are the same and Concerta is a CII (class 2) drug aka narcotic. this means that it has the most potential to knock you on your *** by combining its effects with another drug. the reason the effects are so great is due to an idea called synergy where 1+1 can equal many times more than 2. as for when id say the next day should be fine but Still talk to your pharmacist first with any and all questions. its their job and trust me they get this question enough :D
it is bacause the alchohol will disolve the concerta and
a chemical reaction will happen

Concern about my Medicine...?

I Have High Blood Pressure,Im taking Vaseretic along with Apo-Metoprolol.Just wondering if anyone out there was taking the same and how do you feel.?
Answer:
did you read the drug info? try webmd. or Dr.koop.com your pharmasist could be your best friend. tell him/her your side effects or call your doc. you could be doing more harm by not discussing it with your health care professionsals.DO IT NOW.

Composition of Human Feces?

i want to know the composition of Human fecal matter. to analyze whether it is possible to produce bio-gas economically using it. please tell me what is the general composition of feces, like x% of proteins y % of carbohydrates . or any kind of information on its composition. (i know it wary)
are there any professionals who do studies on these matter? for example specialist doctors?
Answer:
fecal matter contains undigested food which could not b absorbed or digested due to lack of specific enzymes, e.g. cellulose is a carbohydrate but not absorbed as the bond between its glucose residues does not have the specific enzyme in our GIT.. so they tell us always to increase our dietary fibres to lose weight (contain cellulose)
concerning protein %26 fat most of them r absorbed except in GIT diseases as malabsorption syndrome, steatorrhea, ... etc.
other materials, u may not make use of it as bile pigments containing bilirubin (RBC's breakdown products) %26 detoxified products by the liver, ... etc , this gives stool its colour (%26 smell by bacterial action %26 oxygen)
Honeydippers, who pump out septic tanks and who have slogans painted on their tank trucks along the lines of, "Number 1 in the Number 2 Business" or "Yesterday's Meals on Wheels."

Coming off celexa?

anyone have experence with being on celexa and then coming off?
i was on 20 mg about 20 weeks ago. i went down to 15, then 10 then 5, and 8 weeks ago i was complatly off.
Answer:
As an RPH, I can tell you that many patients have a tough time switching from one SSRI to another. But they do better than stopping psych-drugs all together. Are you going to start a new non-SSRI drug like EffexorXR or Wellbutrin XL?
I have been on and off lexapro, no problems at all, except A little bit tired getting off and also starting. If you are going to start another Anti-Depressant I would stay away from Effexor. That was the hardest medication to get off in my life, And I Came off the right way. That is the worst medication that was ever made. They say coming off Effexor is worse than coming off heroin, cocaine ect ect. That medication should be taken off the market, it is horrible.
Wellbutrin Wasn't that bad coming off.
Lexapro and Celexa was the ones I had no trouble coming off. Some people have problems, but it all depends how you decide to ween off. I personally though think celexa is the one Anti-Depressant that didn't give me A hard time to come off.
Hope I helped.

Colon and Rectal Surgeon ?

As a Project I must find a Career that I like :
I'm interested in Colon and Rectal Surgeon and I would like to know -
- How long does it take to becom a C/R Surgeon ?
- What is the Salary of a C/R Surgeon ?
- What type of setting do you practice ?
- What is the overall Career !
Answer:
To be a colorectal surgeon, you will need:
*college
*4 years of medical school
*6-7 years of surgery residency
*2-3 years of colorectal fellowship
Most colorectal surgeons have their own office to see patients. Then they perform surgeries in a hospital. Due to the limited volume of cases in each hospital, most of the colorectal surgeons will have to go to 3-5 hospitals to have enough patients. Most of colorectal surgeons are located in large cities, since small towns will not have enough cases to support a colorectal surgeon (general surgeon will suffice for most part and the bad cases get transferred to large medical center). The salaries of colorectal surgeons will start at least $200K and up. Call will depend on location and size of the group - many of colorectal surgeons work in large groups, so the call maybe once every 2 or 3 weeks, or more.
Also, the number of cases of colorectal surgery has drastically declined over the past few years, due to effective screening with colonoscopy and prevention of many cases of colon cancer. There will always a need of colorectal surgeons, but the need may be on the decline.
four years undergrad, four years of medical school, five years of general surgery and one year of colon and rectal surgery residency, so all together 14 years after high school. you practice in a hospital and also see patients in a clinical setting.

Codeine/acet overdose?

I just took around 15 hydrocodones in an attempt to harm myslf and about 5 hours ago and I felt the effects of it but nothing harmful feeling, what can i expect in the next few days?
Answer:
Depending on your size, that may be an important dose of acetaminophen (after 5 hours, you no longer have to worry about the codeine component). It would have been better to get to the ER a bit faster, since it's easier to give a prognosis if you know the blood level of acetaminophen 4 hours after ingestion, but the sooner the better. If indeed you have taken enough to cause liver damage, you can expect a quiet period of a few days, so don't take the lack of symptoms as a sign that things are OK. Get to the ER as soon as you can. Even if self-harm or suicide were the correct thing to do, liver failure is not the way you'd want to do it.
Call National Poison Control or 911. This is not something you should wait and see on. Get some help please.
1st oding isnt an answer to your problems 2nd it is an embarrassing mess when you do just that you crap yourself and at the last min before you DIE you wake up and realize you dont want too.fool seek some counciling.. You wanna die that bad go drown yourself its less painful and when you **** yerself the water washes it away idiot..
Well you probably just have liver damage to look forward to, if it was hydro/ acetaminophen. The acet is what's going to kill your liver. What was the strenght?

Codeine OTC?

So, I've been doing alot of research on the internet for various reasons. One of the things I found out is, (Pseudo)ephedrine is now a schedule V drug, which was new to me. I knew you had to sign papers and stuff to get it now, but i didn't know it was actually scheduled. But then again, i keep finding different sources dated at different dates, saying different things. Some say most Schedule V drugs can be bought OTC, but rules apply and blah blah blah, while others (even forums where people get nasty...) say that's ludicrous. Is this true? And if so, is Codeine available otc? The area of interest is in Virginia, by the way.
(I keep reading that as long as the codeine is with another medicine or two, and lower than 60mg/dose, than its schedule V, and therefore available otc in some places, i just need a verification from some doctors/pharmacist/etc.. Thanks alot for any effort involved in answering my question.
Answer:
It entirely depends on where you live.
In the pharmacy I work at all codeine and its derivatives are prescription only (other than DXM).
Pseudoephedrine and other ephedrine products (like for OTC asthma meds) are still OTC but are sold only by pharmacies to adults. Plan B is the same way. Recently we have started IDing for dextromethorphan products (cough suppressant) though the law doesn't say we have to.
It seems that once a product's abuse becomes popular, it becomes controlled.

-----------
PSE can be sold to an adult at a max of 3.6 grams per day up to 9 grams per 30 days.
Plan B is sold under the supervision of a registered pharmacist to anyone over the age of 18.
DXM is voluntarily sold only to adults (not yet controlled by law, but soon will be).
Any of the above can also be sold in any form or quantity to anyone if they have a prescription for it.
-----------
I see at least one article that makes reference to OTC codeine preparations being available most places except the US. My guess is that our repressive DEA has restricted it so much that the only things legal to sell OTC are not in enough demand to make it feasible for pharmacies to stock OTC.
Road trip to Canada?

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